The Evolution of Sewage Treatment
1. The Evolution of Sewage Treatment 1.1 Domestic wastewater treatment in the ancient world, 3500 B.C.E to 500 C. E 1.2 Domestic wastewater treatment in the middle ages, 500 C.E. to 1500 C.E…
Characteristics of Residential Wastewater
What is Wastewater? Wastewater is sewage, stormwater, and water that have been used for various purposes around the community. Unless properly treated, wastewater can harm public health and the environment. Most communities generate wastewater from…
Glossary of Electrical Control Terms for Water and Wastewater
A Alternating Current Electrical current that reverses its direction of flow at regular intervals. AC line frequency The frequency of the alternating current power line measured in Hertz (Hz), usually 50 or 60Hz. Accuracy…
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Fundamental Properties of Water
Density Density is the ratio of the mass of a given amount of a substance to the volume occupied. Thus we have: density = M/V (M = Mass; V= Volume). Formally in the English…
Glossary of Process Terms for Wastewater Treatment
A Absorption The process by which one substance is physically taken into and included with another substance. Activated Sludge Process A method of biological treatment which produces a high quality effluent. It is a…
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Wasewater System Control Function, Hardware, and Operation
Float Switches Control Panel Float Switches There are several types of float switches and different applications for these switches. Some switches may be used for several applications while others are only for a…
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NEMA and IP Ratings
The following is intended as a helpful reference only. NEMA Ratings NEMA Type Intended use: 1 Indoor use primarily to provide a degree of protection against (hand) contact with enclosed equipment. 2 Indoor…
Glossary of Fluid Terms
Pressure Pressure is the force per unit area that would be exerted on an imaginary small plane area at the point of interest. Your eardrum feels the pressure of the water (until you…
Glossary of Hydraulic Terms
Just like with your car, it takes energy to speed a car up from a standstill, additional energy to move it up a hill and yet more energy to overcome all the friction…
